The Grand Canal of China united the northern and southern parts of China allowing the shipping of grain and commerce. China has two main river systems the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The Grand Canal connects the two Rivers systems.
This makes it possible to ship grain from the agricultural south to the more industrial north. It also helped bring supplies to the Chinese armies defending the northern borders. The Grand Canal made it possible for China to be one united country rather than being ruled by small independent warlords. The Grand Canal was first completed in by the Sui dynasty. The Chinese invented locks in that improved the ease of movement along the canal.
This was an important invention to the entire world. At its peak during the Ming dynasty AD , the system totaled about 2, kilometers, with Beijing at its northernmost extension, Hangzhou at its southernmost point, and Luoyang at its easternmost point. It connected the political center of the empire in the north especially from the Song dynasty; AD with the economic and agricultural centers of central and southern China.
The canal must ascend a gradual slope to an elevation of more than 40 meters north of the Yangtze. To ensure safe circulation, a system of locks the Chinese are attributed to the first lock ever built in , feeder lakes, and lateral canals were constructed. Under such circumstances, the control of a unified China became a possibility and the Grand Canal is acknowledged to be a significant element in the economic and political stability of imperial China, mainly through grain distribution.
The canal is the expression of a long history of engineering projects to control river systems and provide irrigation. Due to its hydrography, movements are easier on its East-West axis, while North-South communications were more arduous. It is necessary to systematically widen the protection of the banks to include immediately adjacent elements, by extending the buffer zones along the canal.
The state of conservation is generally good, and a determined and diversified conservation policy has been carried out, to its benefit. However, greater attention should be given to: setting archaeological findings into a more critical perspective, clarifying which historical periods are actually represented by sections of the canal, and increasing the efforts made in environmental and landscape conservation.
The management system is based on several levels of responsibility. The group is made up of the governments of the six provinces and of the two cities with provincial status, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage SACH , the Water Distribution Office, the Ministry of Water Resources and the other ministerial departments concerned. The Master Plan is divided into 35 sector conservation plans, all of which have been promulgated and are being applied, up to The Management Plan has led to the fine tuning of protection levels, the improvement and reinforcement of conservation, the enrichment and standardisation of management measures, the precise definition and harmonisation of buffer zone protection, and the development of short-term action plans to improve knowledge of the property.
About us. Special themes. Major programmes. For the Press. Help preserve sites now! Join the , Members. Search Advanced. By Properties. Cultural Criteria: i ii iii iv v vi Natural Criteria: vii viii ix x. Category Cultural Natural Mixed. All With videos With photo gallery. Country Region Year Name of the property. Without With. The Grand Canal The Grand Canal is a vast waterway system in the north-eastern and central-eastern plains of China, running from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province in the south.
Het Grote Kanaal Het Grote Kanaal is een uitgestrekt waterwegsysteem in de noordoostelijke en centraal-oostelijke vlakten van China. Source: unesco. English French Spanish Japanese Dutch. Integrity The canal sections, the remains of hydraulic facilities, and the associated complementary and urban facilities satisfactorily and comprehensibly embody the route of the Grand Canal, its hydraulic functioning in conjunction with the natural rivers and lakes, the operation of its management system and the context of its historic uses.
Authenticity All the elements of the Grand Canal presented in the serial property are of satisfactory authenticity in terms of their forms and conceptions, construction materials and location.
Protection and management requirements In , the List of the six key examples of the cultural heritage of China was promulgated, and includes 18 sections and 49 elements of the Grand Canal.
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